ارتقاء عملکرد شبکه‌های سیار متحمل تأخیر با اولویت‌بندی بسته‌های بافرشده

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشکده مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر - دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

پروتکل‌های متداول مسیریابی شبکه توانایی پشتیبانی از شبکه‌های سیار منقطع را ندارد، چراکه به­دلیل پایین­بودن چگالی گره‌ها، متحرک­بودن آن‌ها و اتصالات ناپایدار رادیویی در بیشتر زمان‌ها، مسیری میان گره‌های مبدأ و مقصد وجود ندارد. شبکه‌های متحمل تأخیر (DTN) سازوکاری است که با تحمل‌پذیری تأخیرهای طولانی، امکان برقراری ارتباطات در شبکه‌های سیار منقطع را ممکن می‌سازد. روش‌های مسیریابی در DTN، از ایده پخش­کردن کپی‌های بسته در میان گره‌های متحرک جهت رساندن اطلاعات به مقصدها استفاده می‌نمایند. البته جهت داشتن عملکردی مطلوب، لازم است با محدود­کردن تعداد کپی‌ها، میزان بار شبکه نیز کنترل شود. در این مقاله، روشی هوشمندانه در فرایند کپی­کردن بسته‌ها پیشنهاد می­شود که ضمن کنترل بار شبکه می‌تواند برون­دهی شبکه را به مقدار قابل‌توجهی افزایش دهد. ایده اصلی روش پیشنهادی اولویت‌بندی بسته‌ها موجود در بافر گره‌ها، جهت ارسال می‌باشد که تا حدی از تکرارهای بلااستفاده بسته‌ها جلوگیری کرده و مانع افزایش بیهوده بار شبکه می‌شود. این اولویت‌دهی بر اساس مبدأ بسته‌ها، سن بسته‌ها و عمر باقی‌مانده آن‌ها انجام می‌شود. نتایج شبیه‌سازی‌ها نشان می‌دهد که روش پیشنهادی برون­دهی شبکه را به میزان 40 تا 60 درصد، در مقایسه با روش‌های افشان و صبر باینری و تحویل مستقیم بهبود می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving the Performance of Delay Tolerant Mobile Networks by Prioritizing Buffered Packet

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Mashak
  • A. K. Haddad
  • S. Golbahar Haghighi
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran,
چکیده [English]

The conventional routing protocols are not able to handle intermittent mobile networks, since because of deficiency of nodes’ density, mobility, instability of radio connections, most of the times no path exists among the source and destination nodes. Delay tolerant networks (DTN) is a solution in which communications become feasible in intermittent mobile networks by tolerating long delays. Routing methods in DTN use the idea of spreading packets among the mobile nodes for transporting information toward the destinations. In order to achieve a good performance, it is necessary to control the workload of the network by limiting the number of copies. In this paper, a novel method for packet copying process is proposed which improves the throughput significantly while controlling the workload of the network. The key idea behind the proposed method is to prioritize the buffered packets at each node in order to avoid excessive repetitions of packets and stop wasteful workload grow. The packets are prioritized based on the source nodes, the ages, and their remaining lifetimes. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed method can improve packet delivery ratio by 40 to 60 percent in comparison with Spray and Binary Wait, and Direct delivery routing methods.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Delay Tolerant Network (DTN)
  • Routing
  • Prioritizing
  • Buffer
  • Delivery Ratio

مراجع

   [1]      M. J. Khabbaz, C. M. Assi and W. F. Fawaz, "Disruption-tolerant networking: A comprehensive survey on recent developments and persisting challenges," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 607-640, 2012.
  [2]       رضا غزالیان، علی آقاگل‌زاده و سید مهدی حسینی اندرگلی، «کمینه‌سازی انرژی مصرفی در شبکه‌های حس‌گر بی‌سیم دیداری با انتخاب دوربین برای ردگیری هدف متحرک در شبکه با عامل انسداد»، مجله مهندسی برق دانشگاه تبریز، دوره 48، شماره 1، صفحه 185-195، بهار 1397.
   [3]      L. Wood and P. Holliday, "Using http for delivery in delay/disruption-tolerant networks09", Experimental Internet Draft, https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wood-dtnrg-http-dtn-delivery-09,  2014.
   [4]      L. Wood, W. M. Eddy, W. Ivancic, J. McKim, and C. Jackson, "Saratoga: a delay-tolerant networking convergence layer with efficient link utilization," in International Workshop on Satellite and Space Communications, pp. 168-172, IEEE, 2007.
   [5]      Z. Zhang, "Routing in intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks and delay tolerant networks: overview and challenges," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 24-37, 2006.
   [6]      K. Fall, "A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets," in Conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications, ACM, pp. 27-34, 2003.
   [7]      A. Kate, G. M. Zaverucha and U. Hengartner, "Anonymity and security in delay tolerant networks," in Third International Conference on Security and Privacy in Communications Networks and the Workshops, IEEE, pp. 504-513, 2007.
   [8]      Y. Zhu, B. Xu, X. Shi, and Y. Wang, "A survey of social-based routing in delay tolerant networks: positive and negative social effects," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 387-401, 2013.
   [9]      M. Grossglauser and D. N. Tse, "Mobility increases the capacity of ad hoc wireless networks," IEEE/ACM transactions on networking, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 477-486, 2002.
[10]      W. Mitchener and A. Vadhat, "Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks," Technical Report CS-2000-06, 2000.
[11]      T. Spyropoulos, K. Psounis, and C. S. Raghavendra, "Efficient routing in intermittently connected mobile networks: The multiple-copy case," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 77-90, 2008.
[12]      D. Niyato, P. Wang, H.-P. Tan, W. Saad, and D. I. Kim, "Cooperation in delay-tolerant networks with wireless energy transfer: performance analysis and optimization," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 64, no. 8, pp. 3740-3754, 2015.
[13]      رحیم بجانی، محمد کلانتری و امیرمسعود افتخاری مقدم، «ارائه چهارچوبی مبتنی بر نظریه بازی‌ها برای جلب مشارکت گره‌ها در فرآیند شناسایی گره‌های مخرب در شبکه‌های حسگر بی‌سیم»، مجله مهندسی برق دانشگاه تبریز، دوره 47، شماره 4، صفحه 1329-1342، زمستان 1396.
[14]      Y. Cai, Y. Fan, and D. Wen, "An incentive-compatible routing protocol for two-hop delay-tolerant networks," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 65, no. 1, pp. 266-277, 2016.
[15]      J. N. Isento, J. J. Rodrigues, J. A. Dias, M. C. Paula, and A. Vinel, "Vehicular delay-tolerant networks? A novel solution for vehicular communications," IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 10-19, 2013.
[16]      M. J. Khabbaz, W. F. Fawaz, and C. M. Assi, "Modeling and delay analysis of intermittently connected roadside communication networks," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 2698-2706, 2012.
[17]      T. Abdelkader, K. Naik, and W. Gad, "A game-theoretic approach to supporting fair cooperation in delay tolerant networks," in Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), IEEE, pp. 1-7: 2015.
[18]      Y. Mao and P. Zhu, "A game theoretical model for energy-aware DTN routing in MANETs with nodes’ selfishness," Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 593-603, 2015.
[19]      A. Takahashi, H. Nishiyama, N. Kato, K. Nakahira, and T. Sugiyama, "Replication control for ensuring reliability of convergecast message delivery in infrastructure-aided dtns," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 3223-3231, 2014.
[20]      N. Ng, H. Chang, Z. Zou, and S. Tang, "An adaptive threshold method to address routing issues in delay-tolerant networks," in GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2011, pp. 1122-1126, IEEE.
[21]      Z. Wang, M. A. Nascimento, and M. H. MacGregor, "Discovering periodic patterns of nodal encounters in mobile networks," Pervasive and Mobile Computing, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 892-912, 2013.
[22]      Z. Wang, M. A. Nascimento, and M. H. MacGregor, "Optimal encounter-based routing via objects with periodic behaviours," in 39th Conference on Local Computer Networks Workshops (LCN Workshops), IEEE, pp. 730-737, 2014.
[23]      R. R. Mhatre and M. Deshmukh, "Buffer management in delay tolerant networks," International Journal of Modern Trends in Engineering and Research (IJMTER), vol. 3, no. 02, 2016.
[24]      E.-H. Kim, W.-K. Seo, J.-C. Nam, J.-I. Choi, and Y.-Z. Cho, "Probability-based spray-and-wait protocol with buffer management in delay tolerant networks," in Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications (APCC), 2014, pp. 406-411: IEEE.
[25]      M. Abdelmoumen, M. Frikha, and T. Chahed, "Performance of delay tolerant mobile networks and its improvement using mobile relay nodes under buffer constraint," in International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC), 2015, pp. 1-6: IEEE.
[26]      E. Wang, Y.-J. Yang, J. Wu, and W.-B. Liu, "A buffer scheduling method based on message priority in delay tolerant networks," Journal of Computer Science and Technology, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1228-1245, 2016.
[27]      S. Rashid and Q. Ayub, "Integrated sized-based buffer management policy for resource-constrained delay tolerant network," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 1421-1441, 2018.
[28]      C. Sobin, V. Raychoudhury, G. Marfia, and A. Singla, "A survey of routing and data dissemination in delay tolerant networks," Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 67, pp. 128-146, 2016.
[29]      W. R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, "Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks," in 33rd annual Hawaii international conference on System sciences, IEEE, pp. 10, 2000.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار