کاهش ابیراهی زمانی با استفاده از دوگانی مکان-زمان در سیستم تصویربرداری متشکل از عدسی گوسی دوبل زمانی

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی برق، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکده مهندسی برق، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران

چکیده

ابیراهی زمانی یکی از چالش­های موجود در فرایند شکل­دهی پالس بر اساس سیستم های تصویربرداری زمانی است. تصویربرداری زمانی مبتنی بر تقارن ریاضی بین دو حوزه نور مکانی و زمانی است که از تشابه معادله دیفرانسیل حاکم بر پراش یک پرتوی پیرامحور و پاشندگی یک پالس با باند باریک نشأت می­گیرد. در این پژوهش، تلاش کرده­ایم تا با بهره­گیری از اصل دوگانی مکان-زمان و استفاده از دوگان حوزه زمان عدسی مکانی و سیستم تصویربرداری مکانی به ارائه سیستم معادل عدسی گوسی دوبل مکانی در حوزه زمان جهت جبران ابیراهی زمانی بپردازیم. در این مقاله با الهام از سیستم­های حوزه مکان که تاکنون در حوزه زمان معادل­سازی شده­اند، ساختاری برای عدسی گوسی دوبل زمانی با قابلیت ابیراهی کاهش یافته ارائه می­دهیم. در این ساختار، تصویر خروجی نهایی در مقایسه با سیستم تصویربرداری با یک عدسی زمانی ساده، از نظر کیفیت و ابیراهی به میزان 40%  بر اساس معیار همبستگی بهبود یافته­است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Temporal aberration reduction using space-time dualiy in an imaging system consisting of a temporal double Gaussian lens

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Eksiri 1
  • Z. Kavehvash 2
1 Department of electrical engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of electrical engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Temporal aberration is an important challenge in pulse-shaping process based on temporal imaging system. Temporal imaging is based upon the duality between spatial and temporal Fourier optics which, in turn, emanates from the similarity of the differential equations governing the diffraction of paraxial beams and dispersion of narrow-band pulses.  In this paper, the temporal implementation of spatial double-Gaussian lens  is proposed based on space-time duality and the concept of  time-lens. Inspired from other spatial optical systems which have been implemented in time, a temporal implementation of double-Gaussian lens with reduced aberation is proposed. The obtained image is improved in quality and aberration content  with 40 percent, compared to a conventional temporal imaging system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Time domain processing of optical signals
  • Duality of dispersion and diffraction of light
  • Temporal imaging
  • Time lens
  • Aberration
[1] Achromatic doublet intraocular lens for full aberration correction. Biomedical Optics Express. 8. 2396. 10.1364/BOE.8.002396.
[2] P. Tournois, "Analogie optique de la compression d'impulsion," Science, vol. 258, pp. 3839-3842, 1964.
[3] P. Tournois, J. Verner and G. Bienvenu, "Sur l'analogie optique de cetains montages electroniques: formation d'images temporelles de signaux electriques," C. R. Acad. Sci., vol. 267, pp. 375-378, 1968.
[4] W. J. Caputi, "Stretch: a time transformation technique," IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electronic Syst, pp. 269-278, 1971.
[5] E. B. Treacy, "Optical pulse compression with diffraction gratings," IEEE J. Quantum Electron, Vols. QE-5, pp. 454-458, 1969
[6] B. H. Kolner, "Space-time duality and the theory of temporal imaging," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30, 1951-1936 (1994).
[7] V. J. Hernandez, C. V. Bennett, B. D. Moran, A. D. Drobshoff, D. Chang, C. Langrock, M. M. Fejer, and M. Ibsen, “104 MHz rate singleshot recording with subpicosecond resolution using temporal imaging,” Opt. Express 21, 196–203 (2013).
[8] T. T. Ng, F. Parmigiani, M. Ibsen, Z. Zhang, P. Petropoulos, and D. J. Richardson, “Compensation of linear distortions by using XPM with
parabolic pulses as a time lens,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 20, 1097–1099 (2008).
[9] O. Kuzucu, Y. Okawachi, R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner-Foster, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Spectral phase conjugation via temporal imaging,” Opt. Express 17, 20605–20614 (2009).
[10] H. Hao, J. L. Areal, E. Palushani, L. K. Oxenlowe, A. Clausen, M. S. Berger, and P. Jeppesen, "Optical Synchronization of a 10-G Ethernet
[11] J. van Howe, J. Hansryd, and C. Xu, "Multiwavelength pulse generator using time-lens compression," Opt. Lett. 29, 1470-1472 (2004).
[12] M. A. Foster, R. Salem, D. F. Geraghty, A. C. Turner-Foster, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, "Silicon-chip-based ultrafast optical oscilloscope," Nature 456, 81-84 (2008).
[13] G. Patera, D. B. Horoshko and M. I. Kolobov, "Quantum temporal imaging," 2019 21st International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2019, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICTON.2019.8840211.
[14] Broaddus, D. H., Foster, M. A., Kuzucu, O., Turner-Foster, A. C., Koch, K. W., Lipson, M. & Gaeta, A. L. Temporal-imaging system with simple external-clock triggering. Opt. Express 18, 14262-14269 (2010).
[15] Fridman, M., Farsi, A., Okawachi, Y. et al. Demonstration of temporal cloaking. Nature 481, 62–65 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10695
[16]کرمی, محمد عظیم, انصاریان, میثاق. سامانه توزیع پالس ساعت نوری با استفاده از دیودهای بهمنی تک فوتون در فن‌آوری CMOS. مجله مهندسی برق دانشگاه تبریز, 1399; 50(2): 825-832.
[17]Anastasiia Sheveleva, Pierre Colman, Christophe Finot. The temporal analogue of diffractive couplers. Results in Optics, Elsevier, In press.
[18]مظلوم تهرانی, فاطمه, دانایی, محمد, کشاورزی, پرویز. طراحی طبقه تطبیق‌گر برای موج‌بر بلور فوتونی نور آهسته برمبنای تزویج‌گر سمتی. مجله مهندسی برق دانشگاه تبریز, 1397; 48(4): 1773-1783.
[19] فرهادی, شهریار, میری, مهدی, شیخی, محمدحسین. کوچک‌سازی و افزایش پهنای‌باند تفکیک‌کننده‌ قطبش ماخ – زندر با استفاده از تزویج‌گر چندمُدِ غیریکنواخت. مجله مهندسی برق دانشگاه تبریز, 1398; 49(2): 735-745.
[20] M. T. Flores-Arias, L. Chantada, C. Bao, M. V. Pérez, and C. Gómez-Reino, “Temporal zone plate,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 25(12), 3077–3082 (2008)
[21] Chaussure F, Rigneault H, Finot C. Two-wave interferences space-time duality: young slits, Fresnel biprism and Billet bilens. Opt Commun 2017; 397:31–8
[22] Javier Nuño, Christophe Finot, Julien Fatome. Linear Sampling and Magnification Technique Based on Phase Modulators and Dispersive Elements: The Temporal Lenticular Lens. Optical Fiber Technology, Elsevier, 2017, 36, pp.125-129.
[23]Avi Klein, Inbar Sibony, Sara Meir, Ori Friedman, Shir Shahal,Hamootal Duadi, Moti Fridman, "Temporal imaging of ultrafast signals in time and space simultaneously," Proc. SPIE 11358, Nonlinear Optics and its Applications 2020, 1135805 (1 April 2020); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2557269
[24] C. V. Bennett and B. H. Kolner, "Aberrations in temporal imaging," in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 20-32, Jan. 2001, doi: 10.1109/3.892720.
[25] Bo Li and Shuqin Lou, "Elimination of Aberrations Due to High-Order Terms in Systems Based on Linear Time Lenses," J. Lightwave Technol. 31, 2200-2206 (2013)
[26]US Grant US2500046 A, Willy Schade, "Petzval-type photographic objective", published 7 March 1950, assigned to Eastman Kodak Co.
[27] Sasián, José. (2019). Petzval Portrait Objective, Cooke Triplet, and Double Gauss Lens. 10.1017/9781108625388.013.
[28] Kingslake, Rudolph (1989). A History of the Photographic Lens. Academic Press. pp. 59–62. ISBN 0-12-408640-3.
[29] "Zeiss Apo Sonnar T* 1700 mm F4 lens". Digital Photography Review. Retrieved 1 October 2006.
[30] Edward John Wall and Thomas Bolas (1902). The Dictionary of Photography for the Amateur and Professional Photographer. London: Hazell, Watson, and Viney Ld.
[31] Ray N. Wilson (2004).Reflecting Telescope Optics. Springer.ISBN 978-3-540-40106 3.
[32] Vasiljević, Darko (2002). "The Cooke triplet optimizations". Classical and Evolutionary Algorithms in the Optimization of Optical Systems. pp. 187–211. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1051-2_13. ISBN 978-1-4613-5370-6.
[33] Gauss: Titan of Science, G. Waldo Dunnington (with additions by Jeremy Gray), 2004, reprint of 1955 edition, 537 pp.
[34] US patent 399499, Alvan G. Clark, "Photographic Lens", issued 1889-March-12
[35] US patent 583336, Paul Rudolph, "Objective Glass", issued 1897-May-25
[35]U.S. Patent 2,019,985 Dec 26,1930.
[37] R. P. Jonas and M. D. Thorpe, "Double Gauss lens design: a review of some classics using modern methods," in International Optical Design, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2006), paper MB2.
[38] C. V. Bennett and B. H. Kolner, "Aberrations in temporal imaging," in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 20-32, Jan. 2001, doi: 10.1109/3.892720.
[39] Ghafoor, Moeen. (2017). Synthesis of high refractive index materials for manufacturing apochromatic lens by 3D printing
[40] Kidger, Michael J. (2002). Fundamental Optical Design. SPIE PressISBN 9780819439154.
[41] Zernike, F. (1934). "Beugungstheorie des Schneidenverfahrens und Seiner Verbesserten Form, der Phasenkontrastmethode". Physica. 1 (8): 689–70
[42] Born, Max & Wolf, Emil (1999). Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light (7th ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge.
[43] K. Rahbar, K. Faez, "Blind Correction of Lens Aberration Using Modified Zernike Moments", Journal of Information and Communication Technology 2, no.5 (2010): 37-44. magiran.com/p1154689
[44] Jan Hoogland, "Synthesis of The Double Gauss Lens," Proc. SPIE 0399, Optical System Design, Analysis, and Production, (26 October 1983); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.935432
[45] C. Bennett, R. Scott, and B. Kolner, “Temporal magnification and reversal of 100 Gb/s optical data with an up-conversion time microscope,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 65, no. 20, pp. 2513–2515, Nov. 1994.
[46] Hamootal Duadi, Avi Klein, Inbar Sibony, Sara Meir, and Moti Fridman, "Cross-phase modulation aberrations in time lenses," Opt. Lett. 46, 3255-3258 (2021)
[47] B. H. Kolner, "Electro-optic time lenses for shaping and imaging optical waveforms," in Broadband optical modulators: Science, Technology, and Applications, CRC press, 2011, p. chap 19.
[48] B. Zhang, D. Zhu, Y. Zhang and S. Pan, "Time Lens with Improved Aperture to Resolution Ratio Based on a Phase Modulator," 2019 PhotonIcs & Electromagnetics Research Symposium - Spring (PIERS-Spring), 2019, pp. 4311-4314, doi: 10.1109/PIERS-Spring46901.2019.9017608.
[49] J. Azana andM. A.Muriel, “Real-time optical spectrum analysis based on the time-space duality in chirped fiber gratings,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 517–526, May 2000