Tunable, Metamaterial Based Ferrite Phase Shifter Design

Shafaee, M.; Razavi, S. M. J.; Hamid, E.

Tunable, Metamaterial Based Ferrite Phase Shifter Design

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Electrical and Electronic Engineering University Complex (EEEUC), Malek-e-Ashtar University of Technology (MUT), Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In this paper, a rectangular waveguide phase shifter is introduced in X band. In order to benefit the metamaterial properties in this device, cooper wires are periodically printed on the substrate for composing effective electrical negative (ENG) permittivity and, the ferrite slabs are biased extraordinary for obtaining effective magnetic negative (MNG) permeability. By changing the phase shifter’s bias current, electromagnetic properties of ferrite are varied. Therefore, propagation constant of the wave, or in the other words, phase of the propagating wave is shifted, that results in tunable phase shifter design. According to the use of ferrite slabs in the extraordinary bias mode, to compose metamaterial medium, the structure suffers from high insertion loss disadvantage. One of the significant novelties of this paper is reducing the insertion loss which is achieved by MNG design method used in metamaterial phase shifter. Moreover, the proposed phase shifter benefits the miniaturization advantage of metamaterials, such that the phase shifting part of the device is reduced about 12 times regarded to the conventional phase shifters in the same frequency band. Bias circuit of the phase shifter is designed flexibly for both odd and even excitation modes. Also, according to the full wave CST software simulation results, almost twice phase shift of similar metamaterial phase shifters has been achieved.

Keywords

References

[1] D. Parker, D.C. Zimmermann, “Phased Arrays—Part II: Implementations, Applications, and Future Trends”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS (Invited Paper) ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 50, NO.3, MARCH 2002.

[2] زهرا حبیبی، مرتضی کازرونی، سید حسین محسنی ارمکی، عماد حمیدی، «ارائه یک روش کاربردی جهت کالیبراسیون آنتن‌های آرایه فازی»، مجله مهندسی برق دانشگاه تبریز، جلد 45 ، شماره 4، زمستان 1394

[3] Robert E. Collin, “Foundation for Microwave Engineering”, IEEE Press, Wiley, Cleveland, Ohio, Second Edition, 2001.

[4] David M. Pozar, “Microwave Engineering”, Wiley, Fourth Edition, 2012.

[5] Peter A. Rizzi, “Microwave Engineering: Passive Circuits”, 1st Edition, Prentice-Hall, 1988.

[6] Mahmoud A Abdalla, Zhirun Hu, “Ferrite Tunable Metamaterial Phase Shifter”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), 2010.

[7] P. He, P.V. Parimi, Y. He, V.G. Harris and C. Vittoria,” Tunable negative refractive index metamaterial phase shifter”, ELECTRONICS LETTERS Vol. 43 No. 25, 6th December 2007.

[8] Peng He, P. V. Parimi, H. Mosallaei, V. G. Harris, and C. Vittoria, “Tunable Negative Refractive Index Metamaterial Phase Shifter”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2007.

[9] Peng He, Jinsheng Gao, P. V. Parimi, C. Vittoria, and V. G. Harris, “Tunable Negative Refractive Index Metamaterials and Applications at X and Q-bands”, DARPA-APO funded project at U.S. Army Research Office, 4300 S. Miami Blvd, Durham NC 27703, MARCH 2008.

[10] Hossam S. Tork, “Tunable ferroelectric meta-material phase shifter embedded inside low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC)”, Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. ECE, University of Idaho, December 2012.

[11] Michael Maassel, “A metamaterial-based multiband phase shifter”, Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. ECE, North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Science, Fargo, October 2013.

[12] Marco A. Antoniades, George V. Eleftheriades, “Compact Linear Lead/Lag Metamaterial Phase Shifters for Broadband Applications”, IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, VOL. 2, 2003.

[13] N. Engheta and R. W. Ziolkowski, “Metamaterials, physics and engineering explorations,” IEEE press, Wiley interscience, 2006.

[14] Muhammad Ali Babar Abbasi, Marco A. Antoniades, Symeon Nikolaou "A Compact Reconfigurable NRI-TL Metamaterial Phase-Shifter for Antenna Applications", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017.

[15] Xudong Chen, Tomasz M. Grzegorczyk, Bae-Ian Wu, Joe Pacheco, Jr., and Jin Au Kong,” Robust method to retrieve the constitutive effective parameters of metamaterials”, PHYSICAL REVIEW E 70, 016608 – Published 26 July 2004.

[16] Magnus W. Haakestad and Johannes Skaar, “Causality and Kramers-Kronig relations for waveguides”, Optical Society of America, Vol. 13, No. 24. 28 November 2005.

[17] C. Vittoria, “Elements of Microwave Networks, Basics of Microwave Engineering”, World Scientific, Singapore, 1998.

Shiban K. Koul, ‌ Bharathi, “Microwave and Millimeter Wave Phase Shifters: Dielectric and Ferrite Phase Shifters”, Volume I, Artech House, 1991.