Proposing a New Method for Millimeter-Wave Gaussian to Flat-Top Beam Shaping Using a Single Curved Lens

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Document Type : Original Article

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Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology

Abstract

In this paper, a novel approach for shaping the divergent Gaussian beam of a mm-wave source into a flat-top beam using a single curvature is presented. According to the proposed method, a single curved profile is achieved by combining the collimator profile with the beam shaper profile. To validate the approach, a one-sided lens (plano-convex lens) profile is extracted using this method, then located at a distance of 52 millimeters from a 100 GHz conical horn antenna, and the Gaussian radiated beam of the horn with a focal radius of 11.9 millimeters is shaped into a flat-top beam of radius 400 millimeters at a distance of 3 meters. The lens profile is optimized based on a full-wave simulation, and its flat-top beam is compared to the result of a typical double-sided (concave-convex) lens. According to the simulation results, the flat-top beam of the one-sided lens has the desired ripple and roll-off in the field of view. Finally, some studies on the sensitivity of the optimized lens profile to frequency deviation have been performed. The designed lens is suitable for generating a flat-top intensity in the active mm-wave stand-off imaging systems.

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Tabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 30 May 2026

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