An Impedance-Based Algorithm for Accurate Calculation of Fault Resistance in Transmission Lines Utilizing Data Recorded in Distance Relays

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

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Department of Electrical Engineering, Ab. C., Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran.

10.22034/tjee.2026.67877.5042

Abstract

Data regarding faults that occur on transmission lines, which is recorded in distance relays, contain vital information that is essential for the settings of relays. The value of fault resistance is one of the critical information that is be effective in setting the operation zones of the distance relay. A variety of effective schemes have been suggested for determining the fault resistance value, and in many of these techniques, the initial step involves calculating the precise location of the fault. As a result, the accuracy of fault location estimation is needed for the calculation of the fault resistance. To address this issue, a off-line algorithm is proposed in this paper to estimate fault resistance, which utilizes the data recorded in distance relays at both ends of the transmission line. The proposed algorithm employs straightforward calculations that do not necessitate unavailable data, such as the equivalent Thevenin impedance at both ends of the transmission line and the calculations for fault location. The performance of the proposed method has been examined in a 9-bus network and T-connected lines, utilizing MATLAB/Simulink and EMTP software. Moreover, to further assess, actual data recorded in distance relays of a 150 kV transmission line has been utilized.

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Tabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 18 February 2026

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