Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of a Photovoltaic System Connected to a Microgrid under Partial Shading Conditions Using the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA)

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Academic staff of arak university of technology

2 Arak university of technology

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are increasingly integrated into microgrids, offering clean and sustainable energy solutions. However, partial shading conditions significantly impact PV system performance, leading to multiple local maxima in the power-voltage (P-V) curve. This necessitates robust Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms to efficiently extract maximum power. This paper proposes a novel MPPT technique for PV systems connected to a microgrid under partial shading conditions, employing the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). GSA, inspired by Newtonian gravity, effectively explores the solution space and converges towards the global maximum power point. The proposed method is evaluated through simulations, demonstrating superior performance compared to conventional MPPT techniques in terms of tracking accuracy, convergence speed, and robustness against varying shading patterns. The graph of the tracked power for the proposed method in this paper, under variable temperature and partial shading conditions, shows that it has a faster response (100ms) compared to similar methods, such as the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), for tracking the global maximum power point in grid-connected PV systems under partial shading conditions. The results highlight the effectiveness of the GSA-based MPPT in maximizing energy extraction from PV systems under challenging operating conditions, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency and reliability of microgrids.

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Tabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 05 November 2025

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