Optimal reconfiguration and load recovery of the distribution system following the faults considering the uncertainties of distributed generations and loads and using electric vehicle parking lots to improve the system reliability

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

One of the most important goals in the planning and operation of distribution systems is to provide adequate and suitable reliability for networks. Renewable energy sources can contribute to the consumers’ demand and optimal operation of the system. However, the uncertainty of the output power of these resources can make it difficult to meet the demand following the faults. On the other hand, in post-fault conditions electric vehicle parking lots can help improve the reliability of the system by injecting the excess energy stored in the electric vehicles. In this paper, a stochastic framework is considered for the generation of distributed energy resources and load demand of a radial distribution system, and an algorithm is presented for optimal reconfiguration and load recovery after the occurrence of a fault in the system. In addition, the energy stored in electric vehicle parking lots is used to improve the load recovery strategy to reduce the load shedding amount Therefore, the optimization problem is formulated by addressing the common uncertainties of renewable energy resources and electric loads, and to solve the problem of load recovery and reconfiguration of the system in post-fault condition, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm with the TRIBE concept is used. Also, an encoding scheme is used to ensure that the solution is optimal. Simulation results of the proposed scheme show that system reconfiguration and load recovery after the fault along with the use of electric vehicle parking lots can improve the reliability of the system.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] M. Batic, N. Tomasevic, B. Giovanni, T. Demiray, and S. Vranes, "Combined energy hub optimisation and demand side management for buildings," Energy and Buildings, Vol. 127, pp. 229–241, 2016.
[2] Y. Kou, Z. Bie, G. Li, F. Liu, J. Jiang "Reliability evaluation of multi-agent integrated energy systems with fully distributed communication," Energy, vol. 224,120123, 2021.
[3] S. A. Alavi, V. Ilea, A. Saffarian, C. Bovo, A. Berizzi, S. G. Seifossadat, “Feasible islanding operation of electric networks with large penetration of renewable energy sources considering security constraints,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 3, 537, 2019.
[4] R. Billinton, R. N. Allan, "Reliability evaluation of power systems. " Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
[5] A. Safari, H. Rahbarimagham, "Flexible-reliable linear AC security constrained unit commitment considering uncertainties and renewable energy sources", Energy Reports, vol. 10, pp 3814-3825, 2023.
[6] M. Gholami, S. M. Muyeen, S. Abokhamis Mousavi, "Development of new reliability metrics for microgrids: Integrating renewable energy sources and battery energy storage system", Energy Reports, vol. 10, pp 2251-2259, 2023.
[7] M. Alanazi, A. Alanazi, M. A. Akbari, M. Deriche, Z. A. Memon, "A non-simulation-based linear model for analytical reliability evaluation of radial distribution systems considering renewable DGs", Applied Energy, vol. 342, 121153, 2023.
[8] H. Yin, Z. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Qudaih, D. Tang, J. Liu, T. Liu, "Operational reliability assessment of distribution network with energy storage systems", IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 17, pp. 629 – 639, 2023.
[9] L. Xiao, K. M. Muttaqi, A. P. Agalgaonkar, "Reliability assessment of modern distribution networks embedded with renewable and distributed resources", Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 212, p. 108374, 2022.
[10] X. He, T. Ding, X. Zhang, Y. Huang, L. Li, Q. Zhang, F. Li, "A robust reliability evaluation model with sequential acceleration method for power systems considering renewable energy temporal-spatial correlation",  Applied Energy, vol. 340, p. 120996, 2023.
[11] R. Sharikabadi, A. Abdollahi, M. Rashidinejad, M. Shafiee, "Probabilistic-Probabilistic Modeling of Electric Vehicle Parking with an Approach to Improving Flexibility in Constrained Security Participation Planning of Power Plant Units", Journal of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Volume 53, Issue 3, Pages 210-222, Fall 1402.
[12] Y. Huang, H. Masrur, M. Shahadat Hossain Lipu, H. Howlader, R. Howlader, M. M. Gamil, A. Nakadomari, P. Mandal, T. Senjyu, "Multi-objective optimization of campus microgrid system considering electric vehicle charging load integrated to power grid", Sustainable Cities and Society, vol.98, 104778, 2023.
[13] E. Shokouhmand, A. Ghasemi, "Stochastic optimal scheduling of electric vehicles charge/discharge modes of operation with the aim of microgrid flexibility and efficiency enhancement", Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 32, 100929, 2022.
[14] S. M. B. Sadati, J. Moshtagh, M. Shafie-khah, A. Rastgou, J. P.S. Catalão, "Operational scheduling of a smart distribution system considering electric vehicles parking lot: A bi-level approach", International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 105, pp. 159-178, 2019.
[15] M. Hemmati, S. Ghasemzadeh, B. Mohammadi Evatloo, "Optimal Scheduling of Reconfigurable Microgrids in Normal and Emergency Conditions", Journal of Electrical Engineering, University of Tabriz, Volume 50, Number 4, Pages 1885-1897, Winter 2010.
[16] J. C. López, J. F. Franco, M. J. Rider, R. Romero, "Optimal restoration/maintenance switching sequence of unbalanced three-phase distribution systems", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 9, pp. 6058 – 6068, 2018.
[17] A. A. Hafez, W. A. Omran, Y. G. Hegazy, "A decentralized technique for autonomous service restoration in active radial distribution networks", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 9, pp. 1911 – 1919, 2018.
[18] X. Liu, B. Gao, Ch. Wu, Y. Tang, "Demand-side management with household plug-in electric vehicles: a Bayesian game-theoretic approach", IEEE Systems Journal, vol.12, pp. 2894 – 2904, 2018.
[19] M. Zare-Bahramabadi, M. Ehsan, H. Farzin, “An MILP Model for Switch, DG, and Tie Line Placement to Improve Distribution Grid Reliability,” IEEE Systems Journal , vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1316-1327, 2023.
[20] M. Clerc, "TRIBES, a parameter free particle swarm optimizer," in Proc. OEP’03, Paris, France, 2003.
[21] Y. D. Song, L. Zhang, P. Han, "An adaptive tribe-particle swarm optimization", Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.
[22] Y. Wang, X. Ai, Zh. Tan, L. Yan, Sh. Liu, "Interactive dispatch modes and bidding strategy of multiple virtual power plants based on demand response and game theory", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol.7, pp. 510 – 519, 2016.
Tabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering
Volume 55, Issue 2 - Serial Number 112
October 2025
Pages 281-290

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics