Size Reduction of Conical Horn Antennas in Presence of Metamaterial Lens

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of shiraz, shiraz, Iran

Abstract

In this paper, a conical horn antenna is introduced in the X-band and in the presence of a metamaterial lens. The metamaterial lens is located at the aperture of ashort horn antenna that the length of the horn is half the one of the corresponding optimum versions. The phase velocity in the metamaterial lens is more than the phase velocity in an environment without lens, so the phase distribution in the aperture of antenna is uniform and the gain of the short horn antenna increases. Metamaterial cells are designed in the form of printed circuit board that have easy to build and suitable cost.The geometrical characteristics of metamaterial lens is calculated by designed formulas and finally ;particls swarm optimazition algoritm  is used to achieve proper gain and radiation characteristics in the desired frequency band .The radiation characteristics of an antenna with a metamaterial lens are similar to that of an antenna with optimum length in the desired frequency band; the difference is that the weight and volume of these antennas are reduced, so they have better performance in satellite systems and radars.

Keywords


[1]      C. Caloz, T. Itoh, Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Transmission Line Theory and Microwave Applications. John Wiley & Sons; 2005 Nov 22.
[2]      D. R. Smith, J. B Pendry, and M. C. Wiltshire, “Metamaterials and negative refractive index. ” Science vol.305, no. 5685 , pp.788-792,2004.
[3]      J. B.Pendry, A. J.Holden, R D. J.obbins, and W. J. Stewart “Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear  phenomena. ” IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques,vl. 47, no.11, pp.2075-2084, 1999.
[4]      T. J.Yen, W. J. Padilla, N.Fang, D. C. Vier, Smith, D. R., J. B.Pendry and  X. Zhang, “ Terahertz magnetic response from artificial materials. ” Science, vol.303, no.5663, pp.1494-1496, 2004.
[5]      A. Jafargholi, & M. H. Mazaheri, “Broadband microstrip antenna using epsilon near zero metamaterials”. IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, vol.9 ,no.14, pp.1612-1617, 2015.
[6]      A.Moradi and F.Mohajeri, “Side lobe level reduction and gain enhancement of a pyramidal horn antenna in the presence of metasurfaces,” IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation  ,vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 295-301, Feb.2018.
[7]      Jiang, Zhi Hao, Micah D. Gregory, and Douglas H. Werner, "Broadband high directivity multibeam emission through transformation optics-enabled metamaterial lenses," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no11, pp. 5063-5074, 2012.
[8]      C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, 3rd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2005.
[9]      He, Yingran, et al. “Short-Length and High-Aperture-Efficiency Horn Antenna Using Low-Loss Bulk Anisotropic Metamaterial. ” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters ,14 ,pp.  1642-1645, 2015.
[10]      K. Dongho, and J. Choi, "Analysis of antenna gain enhancement with a new planar metamaterial superstrate: An effective medium and a Fabry-Pérot resonance approach," Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves ,vol.31,no.11, pp. 1289-1303, 2010.
[11]      Xiao, Zhigang, and Huiliang Xu, "Low refractive metamaterials for gain enhancement of horn antenna," Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves ,vol.30,no.3, pp. 225-232, 2009.
[12]      Q. Wu, P. Pan, F. Meng, L. Li, and J. Wu, “A novel flat lens horn antenna designed based on zero refraction principle of metamaterials,”Appl. Phys. A, vol. 87 , no. 2 pp. 151–156, Jan. 2007.
[13]      S. Hrabar, M. Damir, and Z. Sipus, “Optimization of wire-mediumbased shortened horn antenna,” In Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2010 Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on, pp. 1-4. IEEE, 2010..
[14]      S. Hrabar, D. Bonefacic, and D. Muha, “Numerical and experimental investigation of horn antenna with embedded ENZ metamaterial lens,”in ICECom Int Conf., Dubrovnik, CR, Sep. 24–26, 2007, pp. 1–4..
[15]      S. Hrabar, D. Bonefacic, and D. Muha, “Application of wire-based metamaterials for antenna miniaturization,” in Proc. EuCAP2009, Berlin, Mar. 23, pp. 620–623, 2009.
[16]      Davide Ramaccia, et al., "Broadband compact horn antennas by using EPS-ENZ metamaterial lens," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.61, no.6 , pp.2929-2937, 2013.
[17]      Ramaccia, D., et al. "Experimental verification of broadband antennas loaded with metamaterials." Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, IEEE International Symposium on. IEEE, 2015.
[18]      Ramaccia, Davide, et al. "Exploiting intrinsic dispersion of metamaterials for designing broadband aperture antennas: Theory and experimental verification." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation ,vol.64, no.3 , 1141-1146,2017.
[19]      D. R. Smith, S. Schultz, P. Markos, and C. M. Soukoulis, “Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 65, no.19, p.195104, Apr. 2002.
[20]      Orfanidis, Sophocles J. Electromagnetic Waves and Antennas. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University, 2002.
[21]      فرزادخواجه خلیلی و محمدامین هنرور"طراحی یک ساختار فراماده پیشنهادی در باند فرکانسی موج میلیمتری به منظور افزایش بهره یک آنتن سر-آتش" مجله مهندسی برق دانشگاه تبریز ، جلد48، شماره4، صفحه1517-1527، 1397.
[22]       خدیجه رمضانی بلداجی ، مسعود موحدی و علی غفورزاده یزدی "فیلتر میان گذر پهن باند با باند توقف وسیع براساس ساختارهای فراماده" مجله مهندسی برق دانشگاه تبریز ، جلد49، شماره1، صفحه191-199، 1398.