University of TabrizTabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering2008-779954220240722Design of dynamic frequency phase detector and charge pump with low power consumption in 180nm technologyDesign of dynamic frequency phase detector and charge pump with low power consumption in 180nm technology1331421704810.22034/tjee.2023.17048FAF.EsmailiSarajiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, IranA.GhorbaniDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, IranS. M.AnishehDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, IranJournal Article20230622Delay lock loops are widely used in frequency synthesizer circuits, digital transceivers and clock synchronization. Currently, the delay lock ring is considered more than the phase lock ring due to shorter locking time, higher speed, better conditions in terms of stability and less jitter. In this paper, a dynamic phase-frequency detector based on CMOS inverter and multiplexer single with level restoration (MSL) is presented. Next, a new charge pump is proposed that has a precise flow compliance. The charge pump is based on a positive feedback amplifier that has a high gain and at the same time its power consumption has not increased compared to the conventional structure. The simulation results are performed in Cadence software at 0.18 micrometer technology with a supply voltage of 1.8 volts. The simulation results show that the static power consumption of the phase-frequency detector is 0.5 μW and its maximum operating frequency is 2 GHz. Also, the charge pump current matching is about 99.5%.Delay lock loops are widely used in frequency synthesizer circuits, digital transceivers and clock synchronization. Currently, the delay lock ring is considered more than the phase lock ring due to shorter locking time, higher speed, better conditions in terms of stability and less jitter. In this paper, a dynamic phase-frequency detector based on CMOS inverter and multiplexer single with level restoration (MSL) is presented. Next, a new charge pump is proposed that has a precise flow compliance. The charge pump is based on a positive feedback amplifier that has a high gain and at the same time its power consumption has not increased compared to the conventional structure. The simulation results are performed in Cadence software at 0.18 micrometer technology with a supply voltage of 1.8 volts. The simulation results show that the static power consumption of the phase-frequency detector is 0.5 μW and its maximum operating frequency is 2 GHz. Also, the charge pump current matching is about 99.5%.https://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17048_6c73d4e99882eceecfccc23eab3d22f9.pdfUniversity of TabrizTabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering2008-779954220240722Distributed Job Scheduling in on-Demand GPU as a Service SystemsDistributed Job Scheduling in on-Demand GPU as a Service Systems1431521718910.22034/tjee.2023.58613.4729FAA.JahaniFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.Leila Al-SadatMomeniFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.Journal Article20230928Optimal scheduling of resources is essential on GPU-based servers that are suitable for parallel tasks. These resources usually have a high speed and therefore have a high cost. In order to make optimal use of these resources, service providers must be able to choose the best type of virtual machine, the best type of GPU processor, and the best number of this type of processor for each request. Such a problem is called an optimization problem. The present article, while modeling the resource allocation problem as a linear optimization problem, presents a new method for distributing requests. The proposed method uses a central queue and then distributes requests among several local queues using a new request distribution method. Then it schedules and executes the tasks in each local queue in parallel. Scheduling in each local queue determines, for each request: (1) the best type of virtual machine, (2) the best type of GPU processor, and (3) the best number of GPU processors. The comparison of the proposed method with the latest available methods shows a decrease in execution time, a decrease in response time, and a significant decrease in the cost of using resources in the proposed method.Optimal scheduling of resources is essential on GPU-based servers that are suitable for parallel tasks. These resources usually have a high speed and therefore have a high cost. In order to make optimal use of these resources, service providers must be able to choose the best type of virtual machine, the best type of GPU processor, and the best number of this type of processor for each request. Such a problem is called an optimization problem. The present article, while modeling the resource allocation problem as a linear optimization problem, presents a new method for distributing requests. The proposed method uses a central queue and then distributes requests among several local queues using a new request distribution method. Then it schedules and executes the tasks in each local queue in parallel. Scheduling in each local queue determines, for each request: (1) the best type of virtual machine, (2) the best type of GPU processor, and (3) the best number of GPU processors. The comparison of the proposed method with the latest available methods shows a decrease in execution time, a decrease in response time, and a significant decrease in the cost of using resources in the proposed method.https://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17189_2c06f977f835765fe443a490283dd8fa.pdfUniversity of TabrizTabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering2008-779954220240722Optical Tweezers based on Nano-focusing of Coupled Surface Plasmons in two Gold StripsOptical Tweezers based on Nano-focusing of Coupled Surface Plasmons in two Gold Strips1531601705010.22034/tjee.2023.17050FAMohammad-rezaHasanpourFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, P.O. Box 397, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran.M.GhorbanzadehFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, P.O. Box 397, Sabzevar 9617976487, Iran.Journal Article20230810In this paper an optical tweezer with the ability to manipulate and sense nanoparticles using the coupling of surface plasmons of two gold strips and its nano-focusing is proposed. To investigate the performance of the proposed structure, at first the plasmonic modes have been calculated by the finite difference Eigen-mode method and then using the finite-difference time-domain method and calculating Maxwell stress tensor the optical forces have been obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed structure has the ability to trap and manipulate nanoparticles. Due to the dependency of the trapping sites on the incident light frequency, the proposed structure, in addition to the ability to move nanoparticles by mechanical movement of the optical tweezer, can also move nanoparticles by tuning the frequency. Also, the simulation results show that due to the dependency of the reflected power on the refractive index of the trapped nanoparticle, the trapped nanoparticle can be sensed by analysing the reflected power. We believe this structure can be used in various fields, especially in biological sciences, to study and move nanoparticles.In this paper an optical tweezer with the ability to manipulate and sense nanoparticles using the coupling of surface plasmons of two gold strips and its nano-focusing is proposed. To investigate the performance of the proposed structure, at first the plasmonic modes have been calculated by the finite difference Eigen-mode method and then using the finite-difference time-domain method and calculating Maxwell stress tensor the optical forces have been obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed structure has the ability to trap and manipulate nanoparticles. Due to the dependency of the trapping sites on the incident light frequency, the proposed structure, in addition to the ability to move nanoparticles by mechanical movement of the optical tweezer, can also move nanoparticles by tuning the frequency. Also, the simulation results show that due to the dependency of the reflected power on the refractive index of the trapped nanoparticle, the trapped nanoparticle can be sensed by analysing the reflected power. We believe this structure can be used in various fields, especially in biological sciences, to study and move nanoparticles.https://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17050_60de5fcaa1ce873fc15dbf8f95dac583.pdfUniversity of TabrizTabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering2008-779954220240722Simultaneous design of H∞ model predictive controller and persistent dwell time switching signal for a class of nonlinear switched systems with unstabilizable sub-systemsSimultaneous design of H∞ model predictive controller and persistent dwell time switching signal for a class of nonlinear switched systems with unstabilizable sub-systems1611721728110.22034/tjee.2023.57841.4681FAA.RahdanDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti university, Velenjak, Tehran, IranM.AbediDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti university, Velenjak, Tehran, IranJournal Article20230807In this paper, simultaneous design of the model predictive control and persistent dwell time switching signal is investigated for a class of discrete-time nonlinear switched systems. In the proposed design, the assumption of stabilizability of all sub-systems is removed. The suggested methodology introduces an online framework that guarantees the H∞ performance against external disturbances. Multiple Lyapunov functions are used to ensure the overal stability of the control system. Also, two different types of cost functions are defined, including cost function with finite predictive horizon for unstabilizable sub-systems and cost function with infinite predictive horizon for stabilizable sub-systems. The sequence of applying constraints in the developed LMI problem is chosen in such a way that the rate of energy variations in different sub-systems can be adjusted and the asymptotic stability of the whole system is guaranteed. This design reduces the conservative aspects of other model predictive schemes in which arbitrary switching signal and switched Lyapunov function are used. Finally, to validate the proposed design, a chemical system is developed, and the performance of the proposed design is evaluated.In this paper, simultaneous design of the model predictive control and persistent dwell time switching signal is investigated for a class of discrete-time nonlinear switched systems. In the proposed design, the assumption of stabilizability of all sub-systems is removed. The suggested methodology introduces an online framework that guarantees the H∞ performance against external disturbances. Multiple Lyapunov functions are used to ensure the overal stability of the control system. Also, two different types of cost functions are defined, including cost function with finite predictive horizon for unstabilizable sub-systems and cost function with infinite predictive horizon for stabilizable sub-systems. The sequence of applying constraints in the developed LMI problem is chosen in such a way that the rate of energy variations in different sub-systems can be adjusted and the asymptotic stability of the whole system is guaranteed. This design reduces the conservative aspects of other model predictive schemes in which arbitrary switching signal and switched Lyapunov function are used. Finally, to validate the proposed design, a chemical system is developed, and the performance of the proposed design is evaluated.https://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17281_88eeff38f6f19c388fe9672e8b77d750.pdfUniversity of TabrizTabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering2008-779954220240722Data-Driven Model Predictive Control for Polytopic Linear Parameter Varying Systems in Presence of Measurement NoiseData-Driven Model Predictive Control for Polytopic Linear Parameter Varying Systems in Presence of Measurement Noise1731821704910.22034/tjee.2023.17049FAMohammad MehdiShahsavandFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.Centre of Excellence for Modelling and Control of Complex Systems, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.M.FarrokhiFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20230629In this paper, an extension for Data-Driven Model Predictive Control for Linear Parameter Varying systems is presented. Model-based controllers are highly dependent on model precision. On the other hand, data-driven methods are either replaced with the model or import its dynamic data into the design. Throughout this paper, direct data-driven approaches, which have gained considerable attention in recent years, are used in designing different parts of the controller, including future predictions. In addition, the stability and recursive feasibility guarantees are presented as the first novelty of this research with respect to a prior platform for data-driven approach. Furthermore, the base platform of direct DD-MPC for LPV systems is extended. The new developed form with the goal of robustness against measurement noise is defined as the next novelty of this paper. In order to check the performance of the proposed method, simulations on DC motor are applied. The results show effectiveness of the proposed approach as compared with similar approaches reported in the literature.In this paper, an extension for Data-Driven Model Predictive Control for Linear Parameter Varying systems is presented. Model-based controllers are highly dependent on model precision. On the other hand, data-driven methods are either replaced with the model or import its dynamic data into the design. Throughout this paper, direct data-driven approaches, which have gained considerable attention in recent years, are used in designing different parts of the controller, including future predictions. In addition, the stability and recursive feasibility guarantees are presented as the first novelty of this research with respect to a prior platform for data-driven approach. Furthermore, the base platform of direct DD-MPC for LPV systems is extended. The new developed form with the goal of robustness against measurement noise is defined as the next novelty of this paper. In order to check the performance of the proposed method, simulations on DC motor are applied. The results show effectiveness of the proposed approach as compared with similar approaches reported in the literature.https://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17049_626bb25861e7cc05917b2308d8592684.pdfUniversity of TabrizTabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering2008-779954220240722Design of a CNFET-based Quaternary Full AdderDesign of a CNFET-based Quaternary Full Adder1831921711110.22034/tjee.2023.58077.4695FAF.SharifiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, IranA. H.HosseiniDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, IranM.NouraeiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, IranJournal Article20230821Full adder cell is an important module in processing systems and has various applications and is used in most arithmetic circuits. Therefore, the design of high-performance Full adder cell will improve the performance of the whole system. On the other hand MOSFET technology has encountered challenges due to the scaling down of transistors. New technologies can be used to solve this problem. Carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNFETs) are one of the appropriate alternatives to MOSFET. The threshold voltage of these transistors can be easily adjusted by tuning diameter of carbon nanotubes, which makes it very appropriate for designing multi-valued logic circuits. In this paper we have tried to provide a quaternary full adder circuit based on carbon nanotube field effect transistors that is more efficient so that in addition to speeding up the operation, productivity and reducing power consumption are also considered. The proposed design is simulated using the HSPICE Synopsis simulator and compared with previous designs. Simulations have also been performed to investigate the effect of process, temperature and voltage. The results show that the proposed design is faster than previous designs and reduces the PDP parameter by about 75% compared to the best reported design.Full adder cell is an important module in processing systems and has various applications and is used in most arithmetic circuits. Therefore, the design of high-performance Full adder cell will improve the performance of the whole system. On the other hand MOSFET technology has encountered challenges due to the scaling down of transistors. New technologies can be used to solve this problem. Carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNFETs) are one of the appropriate alternatives to MOSFET. The threshold voltage of these transistors can be easily adjusted by tuning diameter of carbon nanotubes, which makes it very appropriate for designing multi-valued logic circuits. In this paper we have tried to provide a quaternary full adder circuit based on carbon nanotube field effect transistors that is more efficient so that in addition to speeding up the operation, productivity and reducing power consumption are also considered. The proposed design is simulated using the HSPICE Synopsis simulator and compared with previous designs. Simulations have also been performed to investigate the effect of process, temperature and voltage. The results show that the proposed design is faster than previous designs and reduces the PDP parameter by about 75% compared to the best reported design.https://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17111_780b8b9098d64e15c747efde68a92a96.pdfUniversity of TabrizTabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering2008-779954220240722Beamforming and Power Allocation for Coexistence of Massive MIMO Cellular Network and WiFi NetworkBeamforming and Power Allocation for Coexistence of Massive MIMO Cellular Network and WiFi Network1932061718610.22034/tjee.2023.56471.4628FAA.TaherpourDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, IranS. M.Hosseini AndargoliDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, IranV.GhodsDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, IranJournal Article20230522The coexistence technique is a promising solution to provide enhanced fifth-generation (5G) services by sharing unlicensed bands with WiFi systems. In this paper, we study beamforming design and power allocation in massive Multiple Input-Multiple Output (mMIMO) cellular multi-cell system coexisting with Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) network. We design the beamforming matrices based on the Block Diagonalization (BD) method in licensed and unlicensed bands in order to create spatial nulls for interference suppression on the users of adjacent cells and the WiFi devices, respectively. In the following, the power allocation problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem to maximize the achievable sum rate while one must guarantee the minimum quality of service (QoS) corresponding to each central cell user. The formulated problem is solved by the classical convex optimization method and we present a proposed algorithm to obtain the optimal solution. In the simulation results section, it is shown that the proposed beamforming and power allocation algorithm (PAA) outperforms the conventional benchmark methods. Also, it is indicated the output of PAA is significantly close to the output of the Matlab CVX toolbox.The coexistence technique is a promising solution to provide enhanced fifth-generation (5G) services by sharing unlicensed bands with WiFi systems. In this paper, we study beamforming design and power allocation in massive Multiple Input-Multiple Output (mMIMO) cellular multi-cell system coexisting with Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) network. We design the beamforming matrices based on the Block Diagonalization (BD) method in licensed and unlicensed bands in order to create spatial nulls for interference suppression on the users of adjacent cells and the WiFi devices, respectively. In the following, the power allocation problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem to maximize the achievable sum rate while one must guarantee the minimum quality of service (QoS) corresponding to each central cell user. The formulated problem is solved by the classical convex optimization method and we present a proposed algorithm to obtain the optimal solution. In the simulation results section, it is shown that the proposed beamforming and power allocation algorithm (PAA) outperforms the conventional benchmark methods. Also, it is indicated the output of PAA is significantly close to the output of the Matlab CVX toolbox.https://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17186_45eb69f91e410f291f51144189446675.pdfUniversity of TabrizTabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering2008-779954220240722ENCODE: an Efficient Framework for using Network Coding in Multi-hop Wireless NetworksENCODE: an Efficient Framework for using Network Coding in Multi-hop Wireless Networks2072171718810.22034/tjee.2023.57745.4678FAN.Taheri JavanComputer Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, IRANJournal Article20230816Network coding is all about combining a variety of packets and forwarding as much packets as possible in each transmission operation. The network coding technique improves the throughput efficiency of multi-hop wireless networks by taking advantage of the broadcast nature of wireless channels. Most previous studies in wireless multi-hop networks, were focused on improving network coding gain as the most important parameter, while if some decision rules in the network nodes were modified, the overall performance of network coding technique will improve. In this paper the two aforementioned approaches, To Overhear or Not to Overhear and To Send or Not to send were combined together to propose a new efficient framework. In particular, all network nodes when act in the coder role, use the To Send or Not to Send decision rule and when they operate in the decoder role, use the To Overhear or Not to Overhear decision rule. We called this framework ENCODE and we compared it with COPE as the reference framework in wireless multi-hop networks.Network coding is all about combining a variety of packets and forwarding as much packets as possible in each transmission operation. The network coding technique improves the throughput efficiency of multi-hop wireless networks by taking advantage of the broadcast nature of wireless channels. Most previous studies in wireless multi-hop networks, were focused on improving network coding gain as the most important parameter, while if some decision rules in the network nodes were modified, the overall performance of network coding technique will improve. In this paper the two aforementioned approaches, To Overhear or Not to Overhear and To Send or Not to send were combined together to propose a new efficient framework. In particular, all network nodes when act in the coder role, use the To Send or Not to Send decision rule and when they operate in the decoder role, use the To Overhear or Not to Overhear decision rule. We called this framework ENCODE and we compared it with COPE as the reference framework in wireless multi-hop networks.https://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17188_3b67acf43dea344fa64649cab0bcadfd.pdfUniversity of TabrizTabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering2008-779954220240722Web Application Testing Using Deep Reinforcement LearningWeb Application Testing Using Deep Reinforcement Learning2192271704710.22034/tjee.2023.17047FAM. R.AbbasnezhadDepartment of Computer Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.A.Jahangard-RafsanjaniDepartment of Computer Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.A.Milani FardDepartment of Computer Science, New York Institute of Technology, Vancouver, BC, Canada.Journal Article20230502Web applications (apps) are integral to our daily lives. Before users can use web apps, testing must be conducted to ensure their reliability. There are various approaches for testing web apps. However, they still require improvement. In fact, they struggle to achieve high coverage of web app functionalities. On the one hand, web apps typically have an extensive state space, which makes testing all states inefficient and time-consuming. On the other hand, specific sequences of actions are required to access certain functionalities. Therefore, the optimal testing strategy extremely depends on the app’s features. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a machine learning technique that learns the optimal strategy to solve a task through trial-and-error rather than explicit supervision, guided by positive or negative reward. Deep RL extends RL, and exploits the learning capabilities of neural networks. These features make Deep RL suitable for testing complex state spaces, such as those found in web apps. However, modern approaches support fundamental RL. We have proposed WeDeep, a Deep RL testing approach for web apps. We evaluated our method using seven open-source web apps. Results from experiments prove it has higher code coverage and fault detection than other existing methodsWeb applications (apps) are integral to our daily lives. Before users can use web apps, testing must be conducted to ensure their reliability. There are various approaches for testing web apps. However, they still require improvement. In fact, they struggle to achieve high coverage of web app functionalities. On the one hand, web apps typically have an extensive state space, which makes testing all states inefficient and time-consuming. On the other hand, specific sequences of actions are required to access certain functionalities. Therefore, the optimal testing strategy extremely depends on the app’s features. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a machine learning technique that learns the optimal strategy to solve a task through trial-and-error rather than explicit supervision, guided by positive or negative reward. Deep RL extends RL, and exploits the learning capabilities of neural networks. These features make Deep RL suitable for testing complex state spaces, such as those found in web apps. However, modern approaches support fundamental RL. We have proposed WeDeep, a Deep RL testing approach for web apps. We evaluated our method using seven open-source web apps. Results from experiments prove it has higher code coverage and fault detection than other existing methodshttps://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17047_d5ece628dbb5cd75f7f69848fbe7b578.pdfUniversity of TabrizTabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering2008-779954220240722Sliding Mode H∞ Control of Discrete-time Delayed Singular Markovian Jump SystemsSliding Mode H∞ Control of Discrete-time Delayed Singular Markovian Jump Systems2292371701510.22034/tjee.2023.17015FAZ.FallahFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranM.BaradaranniaFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranH.KharratiFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranF.HashemzadehFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20230523This article addresses the problem of sliding mode control (SMC) for discrete-time delayed singular Markovian jump systems (MJSs) subject to parameter uncertainties and both of matched/mismatched disturbances. The transition probabilities of the Markov chain are considered to have partially unknown entries. Firstly, a sliding surface is proposed by taking the singular matrix into account, and hence the resultant dynamics of the sliding mode system becomes a full order delayed singular MJS. Secondly, the problem of bounded real lemma for the dynamics of the sliding mode system is investigated using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. A delay-dependent solvability condition for the desired sliding surface is derived as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which guarantees that the dynamics of the sliding mode system to be robust stochastically admissible and satisfies the H_∞ performance. The slack matrix technique is utilized together with the delay partitioning approach to diminish the conservatism of the obtained condition. Thirdly, a sliding mode controller is synthesized to ensure that the sliding surface is reachable. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show the improved conservatism and the adequacy of the proposed design method.This article addresses the problem of sliding mode control (SMC) for discrete-time delayed singular Markovian jump systems (MJSs) subject to parameter uncertainties and both of matched/mismatched disturbances. The transition probabilities of the Markov chain are considered to have partially unknown entries. Firstly, a sliding surface is proposed by taking the singular matrix into account, and hence the resultant dynamics of the sliding mode system becomes a full order delayed singular MJS. Secondly, the problem of bounded real lemma for the dynamics of the sliding mode system is investigated using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. A delay-dependent solvability condition for the desired sliding surface is derived as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which guarantees that the dynamics of the sliding mode system to be robust stochastically admissible and satisfies the H_∞ performance. The slack matrix technique is utilized together with the delay partitioning approach to diminish the conservatism of the obtained condition. Thirdly, a sliding mode controller is synthesized to ensure that the sliding surface is reachable. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show the improved conservatism and the adequacy of the proposed design method.https://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17015_4db923aa9da202ac1e10105263bff6b1.pdfUniversity of TabrizTabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering2008-779954220240722A Trust and Energy-based routing framework for the IoT networkA Trust and Energy-based routing framework for the IoT network2392491732510.22034/tjee.2023.56031.4609FAA.MahfoziComputer faculty - K. N. Toosi University of technologyY.DarmaniComputer Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of TechnologyJournal Article20230406Today, when a connection is established between people's lives and the application space based on the Internet of Things, it is necessary to make the platform of this new technology more secure and reliable. The applications of IoT have an urgent need for security issues such as trust, and many attacks can easily target the sensor nodes. To achieve this goal, we chose the RPL protocol due to its wide application and weak security. We investigated it using an innovative method of penetration testing. In this research, an application-based selective forwarding attack has been implemented. In the literature, criteria such as the number of sent packets, the amount of remaining energy, and the packet discard rate were used to detect the attacker but in this solution, the signal strength indicator is used to detect the attacker, and the parameters of positive and negative behaviour are used to calculate the trust in the beta function. In this study, trust is calculated based on the application, and the attacking node reduces the signal strength instead of increasing it.The simulation results show that the proposed method has a 99% attack detection rate, less than 11% FNR while improving the packet delivery rate.Today, when a connection is established between people's lives and the application space based on the Internet of Things, it is necessary to make the platform of this new technology more secure and reliable. The applications of IoT have an urgent need for security issues such as trust, and many attacks can easily target the sensor nodes. To achieve this goal, we chose the RPL protocol due to its wide application and weak security. We investigated it using an innovative method of penetration testing. In this research, an application-based selective forwarding attack has been implemented. In the literature, criteria such as the number of sent packets, the amount of remaining energy, and the packet discard rate were used to detect the attacker but in this solution, the signal strength indicator is used to detect the attacker, and the parameters of positive and negative behaviour are used to calculate the trust in the beta function. In this study, trust is calculated based on the application, and the attacking node reduces the signal strength instead of increasing it.The simulation results show that the proposed method has a 99% attack detection rate, less than 11% FNR while improving the packet delivery rate.https://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17325_0096e63eb0cd9ba89568ec9a9880ce9a.pdfUniversity of TabrizTabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering2008-779954220240722Power System Reliability Evaluation Considering Protection Miscoordination due to Topology ChangePower System Reliability Evaluation Considering Protection Miscoordination due to Topology Change2512601718710.22034/tjee.2023.57509.4663FASaeedSabzebinDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranAbbasSaberi NoghabiDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranKazemMazlumiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranJournal Article20230714Protection system operation has a vital role in power system reliability. The protection system failure and incorrect operation may cause cascading outages. In case of fault, one of the effective causes of protection system mal-operation is the change in network topology. Network topology changes due to scheduled and unscheduled outages of power system components and dynamic changes in topology cause a change in the short circuit current of the network. The change in short circuit current affects protection relay operation and can lead to protection miscoordination which results in an outage of some loads and degradation of power system reliability indices. This paper proposes a novel Markov model including the miscoordination of the protection system due to component outages. In addition, a new index is proposed for protection miscoordination. A sequential Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to implement the proposed Markov model on a 24-bus IEEE reliability test system. The reliability indices, such as loss of load probability (LOLP), loss of load expectation (LOLE), expected frequency of load curtailment (EFLC), and expected energy not supplied (EENS), are obtained for four scenarios with different miscoordination levels and compared to show how the protection miscoordination degrades the reliability indices.Protection system operation has a vital role in power system reliability. The protection system failure and incorrect operation may cause cascading outages. In case of fault, one of the effective causes of protection system mal-operation is the change in network topology. Network topology changes due to scheduled and unscheduled outages of power system components and dynamic changes in topology cause a change in the short circuit current of the network. The change in short circuit current affects protection relay operation and can lead to protection miscoordination which results in an outage of some loads and degradation of power system reliability indices. This paper proposes a novel Markov model including the miscoordination of the protection system due to component outages. In addition, a new index is proposed for protection miscoordination. A sequential Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to implement the proposed Markov model on a 24-bus IEEE reliability test system. The reliability indices, such as loss of load probability (LOLP), loss of load expectation (LOLE), expected frequency of load curtailment (EFLC), and expected energy not supplied (EENS), are obtained for four scenarios with different miscoordination levels and compared to show how the protection miscoordination degrades the reliability indices.https://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_17187_6a482f36bb01fca6ca066c4c98de3c94.pdf