University of Tabriz Tabriz Journal of Electrical Engineering 2008-7799 51 2 2021 07 23 A 2-bit Programmable Metasurface for Dynamic Beam Steering Applications A 2-bit Programmable Metasurface for Dynamic Beam Steering Applications 277 284 13760 FA B. Rezaee Rezvan Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran. M. Yazdi Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran. S. E. Hosseininejad Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran. Journal Article 2020 10 21 This paper presents a 2-bit programmable digital metasurface for real-time beam steering applications at X-band. Tunability of the metasurface is provided by employing a varactor in the unit cell structure to control each unit cell independently. This ability leads to achieve beam steering capability in both elevation and azimuth directions. The structure is designed so that the biasing circuit has no electrical connection to the MS ground. The equivalent circuit model of the unit cell is also presented to better investigate its physical behaviour. Furthermore, the effects of number of unit cells and states of reflection phase on far-field pattern are investigated. Finally, the numerical results are compared to analytical ones, where a good agreement between them is observed. This paper presents a 2-bit programmable digital metasurface for real-time beam steering applications at X-band. Tunability of the metasurface is provided by employing a varactor in the unit cell structure to control each unit cell independently. This ability leads to achieve beam steering capability in both elevation and azimuth directions. The structure is designed so that the biasing circuit has no electrical connection to the MS ground. The equivalent circuit model of the unit cell is also presented to better investigate its physical behaviour. Furthermore, the effects of number of unit cells and states of reflection phase on far-field pattern are investigated. Finally, the numerical results are compared to analytical ones, where a good agreement between them is observed. https://tjee.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_13760_43022e26eb0231809613267d42835951.pdf